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Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students
We describe a methodology for identifying evidence for the use of three types of scientific reasoning. In two case studies of high school physics classes, we used this methodology to identify multiple instances of students using analogies, extreme cases, and Gedanken experiments. Previous case studies of expert scientists have indicated that these processes can be central during scientific model construction; here we code for their spontaneous use by students. We document evidence for numerous instances of these forms of reasoning in these classes. Most of these instances were associated with motion- and force-indicating depictive gestures, which we take as one kind of evidence for the use of animated mental imagery. Altogether, this methodology shows promise for use in highlighting the role of nonformal reasoning in student learning and for investigating the possible association of animated mental imagery with scientific reasoning processes.
Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research: Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 020122
1 supplemental document is available
Appendices A-C for "Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students"Appendix A: Spectrum of Analysis Methods for Clinical Studies Appendix B: Selected Gesture Literature Appendix C: Coding for spontaneous student use of expert reasoning processes in two classroom discussions download 159kb .pdf Published: November 24, 2010 Rights: This supplemental material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License by the American Physical Society. The citation for the original article is: A. Lynn Stephens and John J. Clement, Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students, Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Ed. Res. 6 (2), 020122 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.6.020122.
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=10743">Stephens, A. Lynn, and John Clement. "Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students." Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6, no. 2, (November 24, 2010): 020122.</a>
AIP Format
A. Stephens and J. Clement, , Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6 (2), 020122 (2010), WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812).
AJP/PRST-PER
A. Stephens and J. Clement, Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students, Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6 (2), 020122 (2010), <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812>.
APA Format
Stephens, A., & Clement, J. (2010, November 24). Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students. Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res., 6(2), 020122. Retrieved April 19, 2026, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812
Chicago Format
Stephens, A. Lynn, and John Clement. "Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students." Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6, no. 2, (November 24, 2010): 020122, https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812 (accessed 19 April 2026).
MLA Format
Stephens, A. Lynn, and John Clement. "Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students." Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 6.2 (2010): 020122. 19 Apr. 2026 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812>.
BibTeX Export Format
@article{
Author = "A. Lynn Stephens and John Clement",
Title = {Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students},
Journal = {Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res.},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {020122},
Month = {November},
Year = {2010}
}
Refer Export Format
%A A. Lynn Stephens %A John Clement %T Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students %J Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. %V 6 %N 2 %D November 24, 2010 %P 020122 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812 %O application/pdf
EndNote Export Format
%0 Journal Article %A Stephens, A. Lynn %A Clement, John %D November 24, 2010 %T Documenting the use of expert scientific reasoning processes by high school physics students %J Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. %V 6 %N 2 %P 020122 %8 November 24, 2010 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=10743&DocID=2812 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The AJP/PRST-PER presented is based on the AIP Style with the addition of journal article titles and conference proceeding article titles. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. |
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