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written by
Anton E. Lawson
The increase in awareness of a need to adapt curricula to the developmental levels of learners has motivated a search for reliable and valid measures of those levels. Individually administered Ragetian tasks, although found to be valid indicators of developmental level (e.g., Bart, 1971; DeVries, 1974; Goldschmid, 1967; Goldschmid & Bentler, 1968; Lawson & Blake, 1976; Lawson, Blake, & Nordland, 1974; Lawson, Nordland, & Kahle, 1975; Lawson & Renner, 1975; Lovell & Shields, 1967), require an experienced interviewer, special materials and equipment, and are too time-consuming for practical classroom use. Therefore, this investigation sought to develop a reliable and valid classroom test of developmental levels-specifically, formal-level reasoning.
Journal of Research in Science Teaching: Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 11-24
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![]() <a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=12387">Lawson, Anton E.. "The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning." J. Res. Sci. Teaching. 15, no. 1, (January 1, 1978): 11-24.</a>
![]() A. Lawson, , J. Res. Sci. Teaching 15 (1), 11 (1978), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103).
![]() A. Lawson, The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning, J. Res. Sci. Teaching 15 (1), 11 (1978), <https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103>.
![]() Lawson, A. (1978, January 1). The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning. J. Res. Sci. Teaching, 15(1), 11-24. Retrieved March 26, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103
![]() Lawson, Anton E.. "The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning." J. Res. Sci. Teaching. 15, no. 1, (January 1, 1978): 11-24, https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103 (accessed 26 March 2025).
![]() Lawson, Anton E.. "The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning." J. Res. Sci. Teaching 15.1 (1978): 11-24. 26 Mar. 2025 <https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103>.
![]() @article{
Author = "Anton E. Lawson",
Title = {The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning},
Journal = {J. Res. Sci. Teaching},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-24},
Month = {January},
Year = {1978}
}
![]() %A Anton E. Lawson %T The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning %J J. Res. Sci. Teaching %V 15 %N 1 %D January 1, 1978 %P 11-24 %U https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103 %O application/pdf ![]() %0 Journal Article %A Lawson, Anton E. %D January 1, 1978 %T The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning %J J. Res. Sci. Teaching %V 15 %N 1 %P 11-24 %8 January 1, 1978 %@ 1098-2736 %U https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660150103 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
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