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Kathryn E. Williamson, Shannon D. Willoughby, and Edward E. Prather
We introduce the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory (NGCI), a 26-item multiple-choice instrument to assess introductory general education college astronomy ("Astro 101") student understanding of Newtonian gravity. This paper describes the development of the NGCI through four phases: Planning, Construction, Quantitative Analysis, and Validation. We discuss the evolution of the instrument through three versions, including the refinement of a set of four concept domains and nine examples of items to illustrate how expert review, student interviews, and Classical Test Theory statistics informed our approach. We conclude that the NGCI is a reliable and valid instrument.
Astronomy Education Review: Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 1-20
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![]() <a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=14006">Williamson, K, S. Willoughby, and E. Prather. "Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory." Astron. Educ. Rev. 12, no. 1, (July 2, 2013): 1-20.</a>
![]() K. Williamson, S. Willoughby, and E. Prather, , Astron. Educ. Rev. 12 (1), 1 (2013), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045).
![]() K. Williamson, S. Willoughby, and E. Prather, Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory, Astron. Educ. Rev. 12 (1), 1 (2013), <https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045>.
![]() Williamson, K., Willoughby, S., & Prather, E. (2013, July 2). Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory. Astron. Educ. Rev., 12(1), 1-20. Retrieved February 18, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045
![]() Williamson, K, S. Willoughby, and E. Prather. "Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory." Astron. Educ. Rev. 12, no. 1, (July 2, 2013): 1-20, https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045 (accessed 18 February 2025).
![]() Williamson, Kathryn E., Shannon Willoughby, and Edward Prather. "Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory." Astron. Educ. Rev. 12.1 (2013): 1-20. 18 Feb. 2025 <https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045>.
![]() @article{
Author = "Kathryn E. Williamson and Shannon Willoughby and Edward Prather",
Title = {Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory},
Journal = {Astron. Educ. Rev.},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-20},
Month = {July},
Year = {2013}
}
![]() %A Kathryn E. Williamson %A Shannon Willoughby %A Edward Prather %T Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory %J Astron. Educ. Rev. %V 12 %N 1 %D July 2, 2013 %P 1-20 %U https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045 %O application/pdf ![]() %0 Journal Article %A Williamson, Kathryn E. %A Willoughby, Shannon %A Prather, Edward %D July 2, 2013 %T Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory %J Astron. Educ. Rev. %V 12 %N 1 %P 1-20 %8 July 2, 2013 %U https://doi.org/10.3847/AER2012045 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
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