Journal Article Detail Page
written by
Zachary W. Goldman, Alan K. Goodboy, and San Bolkan
For many college students, the traditional classroom is the lone point of contact between themselves and their instructors. Unfortunately, this interaction may not be sufficient to promote learning at the highest level, as students' questions do not simply disappear with the dismissal of class, their concerns and anxieties are not alleviated when they get up to leave, and their need for clarification, reinforcement, support, and guidance does not cease when they walk out the door. Rather, learning at the collegiate level requires significant time and effort outside of the classroom. While the majority of this effort is assumed by students, instructors offer significant contributions through out-of-class communication.
Research on out-of-class communication has developed significantly over the last decade; however, there have been few, if any, attempts to synthesize the findings from these investigations using a quantitative approach. Such attempts are needed to generate a "more objective appraisal of the evidence than traditional narrative reviews, provide a more precise estimate of...effect[s], and explain heterogeneity between the results of individual studies" (Egger, Smith, & Phillips, 1997, p. 1533). Specifically, a comprehensive view of the relationship between out-of-class communication and students' learning outcomes is needed to evaluate the importance of these experiences and to determine if future investigations are warranted on the topic. The primary purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the magnitude of effects for out-of-class communication on students' cognitive and affective learning. The secondary purpose was to determine if significant moderators existed for these learning effects. The final purpose was to provide recommendations for future out-of-class communication scholarship.
Communication Quarterly: Volume 64, Issue 4, Pages 476-493
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=16147">Goldman, Z, A. Goodboy, and S. Bolkan. "A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects." Commun. Q. 64, no. 4, (January 1, 2004): 476-493.</a>
AIP Format
Z. Goldman, A. Goodboy, and S. Bolkan, , Commun. Q. 64 (4), 476 (2004), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293).
AJP/PRST-PER
Z. Goldman, A. Goodboy, and S. Bolkan, A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects, Commun. Q. 64 (4), 476 (2004), <https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293>.
APA Format
Goldman, Z., Goodboy, A., & Bolkan, S. (2004, January 1). A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects. Commun. Q., 64(4), 476-493. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293
Chicago Format
Goldman, Z, A. Goodboy, and S. Bolkan. "A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects." Commun. Q. 64, no. 4, (January 1, 2004): 476-493, https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293 (accessed 4 December 2024).
MLA Format
Goldman, Zachary W., Alan K. Goodboy, and San Bolkan. "A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects." Commun. Q. 64.4 (2004): 476-493. 4 Dec. 2024 <https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293>.
BibTeX Export Format
@article{
Author = "Zachary W. Goldman and Alan K. Goodboy and San Bolkan",
Title = {A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects},
Journal = {Commun. Q.},
Volume = {64},
Number = {4},
Pages = {476-493},
Month = {January},
Year = {2004}
}
Refer Export Format
%A Zachary W. Goldman %A Alan K. Goodboy %A San Bolkan %T A Meta-Analytical Review of Students' Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects %J Commun. Q. %V 64 %N 4 %D January 1, 2004 %P 476-493 %U https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293 %O text/html
EndNote Export Format
%0 Journal Article %A Goldman, Zachary W. %A Goodboy, Alan K. %A Bolkan, San %D January 1, 2004 %T A Meta-Analytical Review of Students' Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects %J Commun. Q. %V 64 %N 4 %P 476-493 %8 January 1, 2004 %@ 0146-3373 %U https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103293 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The AJP/PRST-PER presented is based on the AIP Style with the addition of journal article titles and conference proceeding article titles. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. |
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