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"Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters
Symbolic representation is a cornerstone of mathematics and science. While much research has explored student understanding of various mathematical symbols, there is very little known about the way students conceptualize the use of Greek letters in scientific notation. In this work, we share excerpts from interviews with upper-division physics students, which illuminate their experience with Greek symbol use. The students reported frequently mistaking pairs of similar-looking Greek and Latin letters. They also felt that their texts and instructors had not sufficiently introduced novel Greek letters or explained what they represented in the equations. The students also disliked how often a single Greek letter would be used in multiple contexts – or that different texts and instructors would not follow the same convention for which letter to use in a single context. These observations suggest that educators should devote additional time to introducing and discussing Greek letters in scientific contexts.
Physics Education Research Conference 2025
Part of the PER Conference series Washington, DC: August 6-7, 2025 Pages 35-40
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<a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=17114">Arnell, J, R. Munir, H. Swanson, and J. Edwards. ""Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025.</a>
J. Arnell, R. Munir, H. Swanson, and J. Edwards, , presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042).
J. Arnell, R. Munir, H. Swanson, and J. Edwards, "Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters, presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042>.
Arnell, J., Munir, R., Swanson, H., & Edwards, J. (2025, August 6-7). "Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters. Paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC. Retrieved February 11, 2026, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042
Arnell, J, R. Munir, H. Swanson, and J. Edwards. ""Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042 (accessed 11 February 2026).
Arnell, Jared, Rida Munir, Hillary Swanson, and John Edwards. ""Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters." Physics Education Research Conference 2025. Washington, DC: 2025. 35-40 of PER Conference. 11 Feb. 2026 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042>.
@inproceedings{
Author = "Jared Arnell and Rida Munir and Hillary Swanson and John Edwards",
Title = {"Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students’ conceptions of Greek letters},
BookTitle = {Physics Education Research Conference 2025},
Pages = {35-40},
Address = {Washington, DC},
Series = {PER Conference},
Month = {August 6-7},
Year = {2025}
}
%A Jared Arnell %A Rida Munir %A Hillary Swanson %A John Edwards %T "Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students' conceptions of Greek letters %S PER Conference %D August 6-7 2025 %P 35-40 %C Washington, DC %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042 %O Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %O August 6-7 %O application/pdf %0 Conference Proceedings %A Arnell, Jared %A Munir, Rida %A Swanson, Hillary %A Edwards, John %D August 6-7 2025 %T "Psi equals craziness": Upper-division physics students' conceptions of Greek letters %B Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %C Washington, DC %P 35-40 %S PER Conference %8 August 6-7 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17114&DocID=6042 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
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