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Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial
written by Michael M. Hull and Keshab R. Pokharel
The University of Maryland's Open Source Tutorial (OST) on Newton's Third Law (N3) has demonstrated a significant impact on boosting student conceptual understanding of N3, even in comparison to other research-based curricular material. Although OSTs were originally designed as group-based guided worksheets, the first author has developed and implemented an online asynchronous alternative: the N3 Synthetic Groupwork-Based OST (SynG-OST). Here, we report data from a pilot study with the module that suggest it may be comparably effective to the in-person OST. Furthermore, we compare learning gains with those obtained with an interactive video-based lecture guiding students through the worksheet. Preliminary data indicate that student learning is greater with the N3 SynG-OST than with the lecture-based version. This strengthens the argument that synthetic groupwork-based materials may be a viable option to replace in-person groupwork for asynchronous learners. It can also be assigned--as we have done--as homework for in-person classes.
Physics Education Research Conference 2025
Part of the PER Conference series
Washington, DC: August 6-7, 2025
Pages 202-207
Subjects Levels Resource Types
Classical Mechanics
- Newton's Third Law
Education - Applied Research
- Active Learning
= Cooperative Learning
= Problem Solving
- Technology
= Distance Education
= Multimedia
Education - Basic Research
- Behavior
= Social Interaction
- Student Characteristics
= Skills
- Lower Undergraduate
- Reference Material
= Research study
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Format:
application/pdf
Mirror:
https://doi.org/10.1119/perc.2025…
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Free access
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This material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the published article's author(s), title, proceedings citation, and DOI.
Rights Holder:
American Association of Physics Teachers
DOI:
10.1119/perc.2025.pr.Hull
Keyword:
PERC 2025
Record Creator:
Metadata instance created October 20, 2025 by Lyle Barbato
Record Updated:
October 28, 2025 by Lyle Barbato
Last Update
when Cataloged:
October 28, 2025
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AIP Format
M. Hull and K. Pokharel, , presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069).
AJP/PRST-PER
M. Hull and K. Pokharel, Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial, presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069>.
APA Format
Hull, M., & Pokharel, K. (2025, August 6-7). Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial. Paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC. Retrieved December 12, 2025, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069
Chicago Format
Hull, Michael, and Keshab R. Pokharel. "Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069 (accessed 12 December 2025).
MLA Format
Hull, Michael, and Keshab R. Pokharel. "Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial." Physics Education Research Conference 2025. Washington, DC: 2025. 202-207 of PER Conference. 12 Dec. 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069>.
BibTeX Export Format
@inproceedings{ Author = "Michael Hull and Keshab R. Pokharel", Title = {Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton’s Third Law Open Source Tutorial}, BookTitle = {Physics Education Research Conference 2025}, Pages = {202-207}, Address = {Washington, DC}, Series = {PER Conference}, Month = {August 6-7}, Year = {2025} }
Refer Export Format

%A Michael Hull %A Keshab R. Pokharel %T Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton's Third Law Open Source Tutorial %S PER Conference %D August 6-7 2025 %P 202-207 %C Washington, DC %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069 %O Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %O August 6-7 %O application/pdf

EndNote Export Format

%0 Conference Proceedings %A Hull, Michael %A Pokharel, Keshab R. %D August 6-7 2025 %T Conceptual Gains with the Synthetic Groupwork-based Newton's Third Law Open Source Tutorial %B Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %C Washington, DC %P 202-207 %S PER Conference %8 August 6-7 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17141&DocID=6069


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