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Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis
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Andrew J. Mason, Liam G. E. McDermott, Mayuri Gilhooly, James Vesenka, Dawn C. Meredith, D. J. Wagner, Daniel E. Young, and Rebecca S. Lindell
Standardized Conceptual Learning Assessments (SCLAs) measure individuals' conceptual understanding using distractor-driven multiple-choice items. Concentration analysis (CA), a quantitative technique that evaluates the concentrations of each item's response distribution allowing researchers to determine how many models are triggered by each item, and can be utilized to help establish the validity of distractor driven items. As part of the development of the Fluids Conceptual Evaluation (FCE), a distractor-driven two-tier multiple-choice evaluation instrument, the authors evaluated the concentration factors of a set of responses from the FCE's preliminary pilot test results. Results of this analysis show how many different mental models are triggered by each item's first tier. This paper demonstrates how the use of CA verifies recommended models, and suggests a similar model structure for concentration deviation. Recommendations for future use of concentration analysis will be made accordingly. Supported by NSF Award # 2021059 (AAPT), 2021261 (UNE) and 2021273 (UNH).
Physics Education Research Conference 2025
Part of the PER Conference series Washington, DC: August 6-7, 2025 Pages 258-263
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.per-central.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=17150">Mason, A, L. McDermott, M. Gilhooly, J. Vesenka, D. Meredith, D. Wagner, D. Young, and R. Lindell. "Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025.</a>
AIP Format
A. Mason, L. McDermott, M. Gilhooly, J. Vesenka, D. Meredith, D. Wagner, D. Young, and R. Lindell, , presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078).
AJP/PRST-PER
A. Mason, L. McDermott, M. Gilhooly, J. Vesenka, D. Meredith, D. Wagner, D. Young, and R. Lindell, Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis, presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078>.
APA Format
Mason, A., McDermott, L., Gilhooly, M., Vesenka, J., Meredith, D., Wagner, D., Young, D., & Lindell, R. (2025, August 6-7). Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis. Paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC. Retrieved December 12, 2025, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078
Chicago Format
Mason, A, L. McDermott, M. Gilhooly, J. Vesenka, D. Meredith, D. Wagner, D. Young, and R. Lindell. "Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078 (accessed 12 December 2025).
MLA Format
Mason, Andrew, Liam G. E. McDermott, Mayuri Gilhooly, James Vesenka, Dawn Meredith, Doris J. Wagner, Daniel Young, and Rebecca Lindell. "Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis." Physics Education Research Conference 2025. Washington, DC: 2025. 258-263 of PER Conference. 12 Dec. 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078>.
BibTeX Export Format
@inproceedings{
Author = "Andrew Mason and Liam G. E. McDermott and Mayuri Gilhooly and James Vesenka and Dawn Meredith and Doris J. Wagner and Daniel Young and Rebecca Lindell",
Title = {Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis},
BookTitle = {Physics Education Research Conference 2025},
Pages = {258-263},
Address = {Washington, DC},
Series = {PER Conference},
Month = {August 6-7},
Year = {2025}
}
Refer Export Format
%A Andrew Mason %A Liam G. E. McDermott %A Mayuri Gilhooly %A James Vesenka %A Dawn Meredith %A Doris J. Wagner %A Daniel Young %A Rebecca Lindell %T Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis %S PER Conference %D August 6-7 2025 %P 258-263 %C Washington, DC %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078 %O Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %O August 6-7 %O application/pdf
EndNote Export Format
%0 Conference Proceedings %A Mason, Andrew %A McDermott, Liam G. E. %A Gilhooly, Mayuri %A Vesenka, James %A Meredith, Dawn %A Wagner, Doris J. %A Young, Daniel %A Lindell, Rebecca %D August 6-7 2025 %T Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis %B Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %C Washington, DC %P 258-263 %S PER Conference %8 August 6-7 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17150&DocID=6078 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The AJP/PRST-PER presented is based on the AIP Style with the addition of journal article titles and conference proceeding article titles. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. Virtual Tools for Developing SCLAs: An Example of Concentration Analysis:Know of another related resource? Login to relate this resource to it. |
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