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How students represent physics knowledge through recall
written by Anna C. Mederer, Chad T. Nguyen, Stacy T. Shaw, and Benjamin Pollard
Instructors use multiple representations such as equations, definitions, and graphs to convey the principles of physics. However, relatively little work has focused on how students use multiple representations without prompts. We investigate the quantity and types of representations students recall in an introductory undergraduate physics course to understand how students build their physics knowledge. Students completed a five-minute free recall activity, where they wrote down as much information as they remembered from the previous lecture. Analyzing 1011 recalled physics ideas, we found the average number recalled was 3.72. Raters coded for the presence of words, math, and diagrams for each recalled idea. Results showed 74% of the ideas included words, 42% included math, and 14% included diagrams. Students used more than one representation 30% of the time. These results indicate that soon after learning a topic, students are most comfortable with verbally describing the concept.
Physics Education Research Conference 2025
Part of the PER Conference series
Washington, DC: August 6-7, 2025
Pages 270-275
Subjects Levels Resource Types
Education - Basic Research
- Cognition
- Communication
= Representations
= Speaking
- Learning Theory
= Representations
- Lower Undergraduate
- Reference Material
= Research study
PER-Central Type Intended Users Ratings
- PER Literature
- Researchers
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Format:
application/pdf
Mirror:
https://doi.org/10.1119/perc.2025…
Access Rights:
Free access
License:
This material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the published article's author(s), title, proceedings citation, and DOI.
Rights Holder:
American Association of Physics Teachers
DOI:
10.1119/perc.2025.pr.Mederer
Keyword:
PERC 2025
Record Creator:
Metadata instance created October 20, 2025 by Lyle Barbato
Record Updated:
October 27, 2025 by Lyle Barbato
Last Update
when Cataloged:
October 28, 2025
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Record Link
AIP Format
A. Mederer, C. Nguyen, S. Shaw, and B. Pollard, , presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080).
AJP/PRST-PER
A. Mederer, C. Nguyen, S. Shaw, and B. Pollard, How students represent physics knowledge through recall, presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, 2025, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080>.
APA Format
Mederer, A., Nguyen, C., Shaw, S., & Pollard, B. (2025, August 6-7). How students represent physics knowledge through recall. Paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC. Retrieved November 7, 2025, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080
Chicago Format
Mederer, A, C. Nguyen, S. Shaw, and B. Pollard. "How students represent physics knowledge through recall." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2025, Washington, DC, August 6-7, 2025. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080 (accessed 7 November 2025).
MLA Format
Mederer, Anna C., Chad T. Nguyen, Stacy T. Shaw, and Benjamin Pollard. "How students represent physics knowledge through recall." Physics Education Research Conference 2025. Washington, DC: 2025. 270-275 of PER Conference. 7 Nov. 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080>.
BibTeX Export Format
@inproceedings{ Author = "Anna C. Mederer and Chad T. Nguyen and Stacy T. Shaw and Benjamin Pollard", Title = {How students represent physics knowledge through recall}, BookTitle = {Physics Education Research Conference 2025}, Pages = {270-275}, Address = {Washington, DC}, Series = {PER Conference}, Month = {August 6-7}, Year = {2025} }
Refer Export Format

%A Anna C. Mederer %A Chad T. Nguyen %A Stacy T. Shaw %A Benjamin Pollard %T How students represent physics knowledge through recall %S PER Conference %D August 6-7 2025 %P 270-275 %C Washington, DC %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080 %O Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %O August 6-7 %O application/pdf

EndNote Export Format

%0 Conference Proceedings %A Mederer, Anna C. %A Nguyen, Chad T. %A Shaw, Stacy T. %A Pollard, Benjamin %D August 6-7 2025 %T How students represent physics knowledge through recall %B Physics Education Research Conference 2025 %C Washington, DC %P 270-275 %S PER Conference %8 August 6-7 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=17152&DocID=6080


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