The energy thread is a logical outgrowth of the modeling theory of physics instruction; it exemplifies a conceptually and pedagogically coherent theme designed to enhance connections between models inherent in the introductory curriculum. Implementation of the energy thread requires restructuring and reorganization of the existing curriculum. The reorganization and restructuring of the curriculum is designed to reinforce expert characteristics of physicists including, coordination of representation, qualitative analysis, and flexibility of method guided by a rich knowledge base organized around a small set of general models. In-depth descriptions of the modeling tools, instructional design, and methodology are included. Comparisons based on the Force Concept Inventory, as well as on problem solutions, are made between two university physics courses, one taught with an included energy thread and another with a traditional treatment of energy concepts. The energy thread course compared favorably on all instruments. Student interviews further characterize students' use of modeling tools and problem-solving approaches as encouraged by the energy thread.